Green Mormonism?
In a changing international church environment, inevitably voices from
Latter-day Saints communities around the world will be heard, on a variety
of issues. And whereas cultures are different, so may be their particular
view on social-political issues. Where in the United States Mormonism
is increasingly associated with Republicanism in the political sense,
in other parts of the world these things take on quite different dimensions.
In the case of the Low Countries, for example, the church is a small
religious minoriy with no political influence whatsoever. Unlike in
the United States, there is no political monopoly present within LDS
church communities that can be exploited one way or the other.
Most church members in Europe are probably unaware of the political
dimensions within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in
the US. They are aware of the official neutrality of the Church in political
matters, but not of what it means when just about all church members
vote for the same party in a two-party system. Politics in the US are
still centered around controversial issues like abortion, universal
healthcare, and same-sex marriage, whereas in Europe, where these things
have been resolved quite a while ago, Latter-day Saints are more interested
in themes like poverty, European Union, and...the environment!
To better understand European sentiments in the church, reading the
following essay may be helpful:
Ethnization and Accommodation: Dutch Latter-day Saints in Twenty-first-century
Europe by Dr. Wouter E.A. van Beek, a prolific writer, anthropologist
at the University of Utrecht, and former stake president of the Utrecht
- The Netherlands stake.
(see the picture above where Wouter van Beek joins president Hinckley
at the dedication of the The Hague - Netherlands temple)
Dr. van Beek concludes his essay as follows:
"For European Mormons the issues do not stop with their own family
circles. Political and general moral issues are of great concern, including
poverty, economic development, political dilemma's, and the like. For
Europeans the Utah church seems overly-focused on sex-related problems,
ignoring problems of violence, pollution, and poverty. Though possibly
far-fetched, one European LDS style might be the development of a 'green
Mormonism'. Ecological issues weigh heavily in Europe, and European
members sometimes wonder why church leaders say so little about ecological
problems. Mormon doctrine easily can accommodate an involved partnership
with the environment, offering another venue for coping with the chasm
between doctrinal definitions and societal realities. This rises again
the issue of the general inward-orientation of the church. For European
members more activities and projects aimed at alleviating poverty and
at development more generally in the world would greatly enhance their
sense of LDS pride and alleviate some of the strain in trying to be
both Mormon and European"
(Dialogue, a Journal of Mormon Thought: Volume 29, no.1, Spring 1996)
Certainly in the eyes of American Latter-day Saints, a 'Green Mormonism'
may seem 'far-fetched', not so however in the eyes of their European
brothers and sisters.
MVG wholeheartedly embraces this vision of a 'Green Mormonism', one
only has to note the predominant color of her web pages!
MVG intents to focus on environmental issues, by exploring how we as
Latter-day Saints use our judgement in using the earth and her resources,
while seeking the guidance of the Spirit and looking to the teachings
of Church leaders. Indeed, our church leaders do not speak out on the
environment very often, but here are some quotes:
Brigham Young: Are you not dissatisfied, and is there
not bitterness in your feelings, the moment you find a [c]anyon put
in the possession of an individual, and power given unto him to control
the timber, wood, rock, grass, and, in short, all its facilities?1
Ezra Taft Benson: The outward expressions of irreverence
for God, for life, and for our fellowmen take the form of things like
littering, heedless strip-mining, heedless pollution of water and air.
2
Gordon B. Hinckley: This earth is [Christ's] creation.
When we make it ugly, we offend him.3
Alexander B. Morrison: [O]ur current way of life is
simply environmentally unsustainable. The immensely complex and still
not fully understood systems that sustain life on earth are being destroyed
by human activities.4
Richard F. Haglund, Jr. & David J. Whittaker:
Dominion over the earth is not a license to plunder, but a sacred trust
to conserve life and protect the environment.5
Alan J. Hawkins, David C. Dollahite & Clifford J. Rhoades:
[T]he hearts of today's fathers and mothers are turned to the children
when they begin to care about what kind of natural environment their
descendants will have. "Cursed" and "utterly wasted"
(Mal. 4:6; Joseph Smith--History 1:39) are accurate descriptions of
what the earth will look like if practices of reckless disregard for
the natural environment continue.6
Terry Tempest Williams: If we act on the premise that
we are not alone, that other individuals and creatures have wants and
needs, that our definition of community is not just human-centered but
creation-centered, then we begin to engage in a spiritual economics
that promises to be more unselfish than our present relationship to
Other.7
Ted Wilson: Though it is true that...people must make
a living, it is also true that the forces of development on an increasingly
crowded planet threaten to tear down our temples of nature. We must
seek wisdom and temperance that go beyond the equilibrium of the marketplace.
8
Wouter van Beek: Though possibly far-fetched, one
European LDS style might be the development of a 'green Mormonism'.
Ecological issues weigh heavily in Europe, and European members sometimes
wonder why church leaders say so little about ecological problems. Mormon
doctrine easily can accommodate an involved partnership with the environment.
9
NOTES
1. Brigham Young, Journal of Discourses, 26 vols. (London: Latter-day
Saints' Book Depot, 1854-1886), 1:211.
2. Ezra Taft Benson, "Problems Affecting the Domestic Tranquility
of Citizens of the United States," Vital Speeches 42 (1 Feb. 1976):
240.
3. Gordon B. Hinckley, "What Shall I Do Then with Jesus Which Is
Called Christ?" Ensign (Dec. 1983): 3.
4. Alexander B. Morrison, Visions of Zion (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book,
1993), 77-78.
5. Richard F. Haglund, Jr. & David J. Whittaker, "Intellectual
History," Encyclopedia of Mormonism, 4 vols., ed. Daniel H. Ludlow
(New York: Macmillan, 1992), 688.
6. Alan J. Hawkins, David C. Dollahite & Clifford J. Rhoades, "Turning
the Hearts of the Fathers to the Children: Nurturing the Next Generation,"
BYU Studies 33 (Spring 1993): 284.
7. Terry Tempest Williams, "West of Eden," New Genesis: A
Mormon Reader on Land and Community, ed. Terry Tempest Williams, William
B. Smart & Gibbs M. Smith (Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith, 1998), 215.
8 Ted Wilson, "The Truth of Granite: A Canyon Conversion,"
New Genesis, 15.
9. Wouter van Beek, "Ethnization and Accommodation: Dutch Mormons
in Twenty-first-century Europe (Dialogue, a Journal of Mormon Thought:
Volume 29, no.1, Spring 1996)